> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.getrivet.ca/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # PSWQ — Penn State Worry Questionnaire > The standard measure of trait worry. 16 items, 16–80 total, five reverse-scored items, with a high-worry band consistent with GAD from 60. The PSWQ is the standard measure of worry as a trait — how much a client worries, how uncontrollably, and how long they've been doing it. Where the GAD-7 asks about anxiety symptoms over two weeks, the PSWQ asks about the worry process itself, with no time frame at all. ## What it measures Trait worry: the frequency, intensity and uncontrollability of worrying. Sixteen items, five of them worded in the opposite direction so the client can't sail through by agreeing with everything. The items include "My worries overwhelm me," "Once I start worrying, I cannot stop," and "I have been a worrier all my life" — which is what gives the measure its trait flavour. It's asking who the client is, not how their fortnight went. ## When to use it * **When generalized anxiety is the working hypothesis.** Worry is the core feature of GAD, and this measures it more directly than a symptom scale does. * **Paired with the [GAD-7](/clinical-templates/screening/gad-7).** The GAD-7 gives you severity over two weeks for the chart and the referrer; the PSWQ gives you the process you're actually treating. A client whose GAD-7 falls while their PSWQ stays at 68 has fewer symptoms and the same worry habit. * **Before and after worry-focused work.** Worry exposure, stimulus control for worry, intolerance-of-uncertainty protocols. * **When "anxiety" turns out to mean something else.** A low PSWQ in a client who describes themselves as anxious points somewhere other than generalized worry — panic, social evaluation, trauma. * **Every 4–6 weeks in a course of GAD treatment.** Trait worry moves more slowly than symptom scores, so a shorter cadence tends to show noise. ## How clients fill it Three minutes. The stem reads: "Rate each statement on a scale of 1 (Not at all typical of me) to 5 (Very typical of me). Please do not leave any item blank." All sixteen items share five options: * Not at all typical of me * Somewhat typical * Moderately typical * Quite typical * Very typical of me ## How Rivet scores it For the eleven standard items, "Not at all typical of me" scores 1 and "Very typical of me" scores 5. **Items 1, 3, 8, 10 and 11 are reverse-scored.** These are the five written in the low-worry direction: | Item | Wording | | ---- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | "If I do not have enough time to do everything, I do not worry about it" | | 3 | "I do not tend to worry about things" | | 8 | "I find it easy to dismiss worrisome thoughts" | | 10 | "I never worry about anything" | | 11 | "When there is nothing more I can do about a concern, I do not worry about it any more" | On those five, the scale runs the other way — "Not at all typical of me" scores 5, "Very typical of me" scores 1. A client who says it's very typical of them that they never worry about anything earns a 1 on item 10, not a 5. The total is the sum of all sixteen items after reverse-scoring, so it runs in one direction: higher means more worry. Range: 16–80. Note the floor — a client who answers "Not at all typical of me" to everything still scores 16, not 0. ## Worry bands | Total | Band | | ----- | ------------------------------------------------------- | | 16–39 | Low worry | | 40–59 | Moderate worry | | 60–80 | High worry — consistent with pathological worry and GAD | The high-worry band from 60 is the threshold most often cited for worry at the level seen in generalized anxiety disorder (Behar, Alcaine, Zuellig & Borkovec 2003). It's an interpretive marker, not a diagnosis — the clinical interview is what makes that call. ## Clinical change No minimal clinically important difference for the PSWQ appears in the source Rivet scores it from. Read change against the band boundaries and against the client's own baseline, and expect it to move slowly — a trait measure re-administered after three sessions usually says nothing. Rivet shows the current total; comparison across administrations happens on the client's record. ## When NOT to use it * **As a diagnostic instrument.** It measures one feature of GAD very well and doesn't cover the rest of the criteria at all. * **As a two-week outcome measure.** There's no time frame in the stem. For fortnight-to-fortnight tracking, use the [GAD-7](/clinical-templates/screening/gad-7). * **For anxiety that isn't worry.** Panic, social-evaluative anxiety, obsessions and trauma-related anxiety all read low here. Match the measure to the cluster. * **With clients under 18.** The instrument was developed and validated in adults. ## PSWQ vs GAD-7 These are not competing instruments and choosing between them is usually the wrong frame. The [GAD-7](/clinical-templates/screening/gad-7) asks how often anxiety symptoms showed up in the last two weeks — it moves as the client gets better or worse. The PSWQ asks whether this is a person who worries, as a disposition, and it moves slowly. That makes the GAD-7 the better fortnightly tracking measure and the PSWQ the better instrument for two other jobs: telling generalized anxiety apart from other anxiety presentations at assessment, and measuring outcome in worry-focused work — intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy, metacognitive therapy, worry exposure — where the tendency itself is the treatment target. ## Is it free to use? **Yes — it is public domain.** Widely reprinted in CBT and GAD clinical references. ## Citation Meyer, Miller, Metzger & Borkovec (1990). *Behaviour Research and Therapy,* 28: 487–495. The PSWQ is a public-domain instrument. Rivet preserves the canonical item wording verbatim. ## Related articles The two-week anxiety severity measure the PSWQ is usually paired with. Depression, anxiety and stress on one form, when the picture is broader than worry. When to screen and picking between overlapping measures.